Introduction to Sprinkler Irrigation Technology

Introduction to sprinkler irrigation technology

1. Characteristics of sprinkler irrigation technology Field sprinkler irrigation technology is a more advanced water-saving irrigation method. In countries with more developed agriculture, this method is the most widely used. This is because sprinkler irrigation technology has some characteristics compared to other water-saving irrigation methods:

1. Save time. It takes about 15 days to irrigate the land once. It only takes 4 days to irrigate the sprinkler field, saving 2/3 of the time.

2. Save labor and money. A professional service team of 3 to 4 people is set up in the sprinkler demonstration village. Farmers only need to pay water fees and do not need to irrigate the land manually.

3. Save land and increase production. The replanting rate of 1.5-meter small ridges irrigated by canals is less than 60%. The replanting rate of sprinkler irrigation fields is more than 90%; the annual yield of two crops per mu can be increased by about 300 kilograms.

4. Spray fertilizers to improve the effective utilization rate. The traditional method of fertilization is unevenly sprayed, and the effective utilization rate is about 30%. Sprinkler irrigation sprays fertilizers evenly, and the effective utilization rate can be increased to more than 70%.

5. Wide range of applications. It does not require high land leveling, and can also be used for sprinkler irrigation on hills and gentle slopes with complex terrain; it can be used not only to irrigate crops, but also to irrigate gardens, grasslands, and flowers, and can also be used to spray fertilizers and pesticides.

6. Save water. The average water consumption per mu of canal irrigation is about 100 cubic meters, and the highest in mountainous areas is 150 cubic meters, while the water consumption per mu of sprinkler irrigation is about 25 cubic meters, with a water-saving rate of up to 75%, and the water-saving effect is more obvious in uneven and water-poor mountainous areas.

7. Improve soil structure. Excessive canal irrigation can easily cause soil compaction. Sprinkler irrigation can artificially control soil moisture, effectively improve soil physical properties, make the soil loose, and make it suitable for crop seeds to break through the soil and germinate; it can also improve the field microclimate and reduce the harm of low humidity and high temperature dry hot wind.

8. It is conducive to the promotion of mechanized operations. Shorten the farming time of summer and autumn, buy time for timely sowing of wheat and summer corn, and form a virtuous cycle of fully mature crops; rush to plant corn immediately after the wheat is harvested by sprinkler irrigation, and timely and appropriate moisture supplementation can advance the emergence of seedlings by more than 10 days.

2. Classification of sprinkler irrigation system Sprinkler irrigation system generally includes water source, power machine, water pump, channel system and sprinkler head. According to the degree of mobility of the main components of the sprinkler irrigation system during the irrigation season, it can be divided into three categories: fixed, semi-fixed and mobile.

1. Fixed sprinkler irrigation system. The water pump and power machine form a fixed pump station, the main pipe and branch pipe are mostly buried underground, and the sprinkler head is installed on a fixed vertical pipe. The investment per mu is high, but it is easy to operate, has high production efficiency, and occupies less space.

2. Semi-fixed sprinkler irrigation system. The water pump, power machine and main pipe are made fixed, and the branch pipe is made mobile. The investment per unit area is much lower than that of the fixed sprinkler irrigation system.

3. Mobile sprinkler irrigation system. Only water sources are arranged in the field, while power machines, water pumps, main pipes, branch pipes and sprinklers are all movable. The equipment utilization rate is high and the investment is low, but the moving of units and pipelines is labor-intensive and occupies a large area.

Sprinkler products: There are many types of sprinklers. According to the working pressure, they can be divided into three categories: high pressure, medium pressure and low pressure; according to the water spraying characteristics of the sprinkler, they can be divided into water dispersion type (micro sprinkler) and jet type (rocker arm type); from the material, they can be divided into metal and engineering plastics. Rocker arm sprinklers made of engineering plastics such as polyoxymethylene are popular among users because of their low price and easy use (according to the nozzle diameter of the sprinkler, sprinklers can be divided into varieties of different diameters. Generally, the larger the nozzle, the longer the range.