Irrigation equipment, facility maintenance and management measures

Irrigation equipment, facility maintenance and management measures

The main equipment in the efficient water-saving irrigation system is the water source, water pump and its power, filter, fertilizer tank, water distribution network and its ancillary facilities, water injector and control, measurement, protection devices, etc.

1. Water pump

In order to ensure the normal operation of the pump body, the water pump supplies water stably according to the designed flow rate to ensure the normal operation of the irrigation system. When the irrigation water source is surface water, centrifugal pumps or self-priming pumps are mainly used; when the water source is groundwater, submersible electric pumps are mainly used. The power machine can be an electric motor or a diesel engine, with electric motors as the main ones.

(1) Maintenance and management measures for centrifugal pumps

① Check whether the fasteners are firmly connected and loose, whether the rotating parts are flexible and noisy, and whether there is large vibration or other abnormal phenomena;

② Check the temperature of the bearing part, which should be 20℃～40℃, and the maximum should not exceed 75℃; check whether the packing gland or mechanical seal spring is tight enough, and the dripping amount at the packing seal should be 10～30 drops per minute, otherwise it means that the packing gland is too tight or too loose (or the packing is insufficient);

③ The centrifugal pump should be started with the outlet valve closed, and after reaching the rated speed and stabilizing for a period of time, slowly open the switch valve. The pump stop operation is the opposite of starting, that is, the outlet valve should be slowly closed first, and then the water pump should be stopped. Before starting a self-priming centrifugal pump, sufficient water should be poured into the pump. If the self-priming time given in the instruction manual is exceeded and water is still not discharged, the pump should be stopped for inspection and restarted after the fault is eliminated. After every 1500h～2000h of operation of the centrifugal pump, all parts should be disassembled for inspection, cleaning, rust removal, and maintenance.

(2) Maintenance and management measures for submersible electric pumps

Before using a submersible electric pump, check whether the power cord is damaged or not, check whether the pump body is damaged or not, and use a megohmmeter to check the insulation resistance of the motor, the minimum value of which must not be less than 50MΩ. When lowering a submersible electric pump into a well or lifting it, it is not allowed to pull the cable hard. It should be pulled by ropes or lowered into the well and lifted by iron wires and pallets. When a submersible electric pump is submerged in water, it should be suspended vertically and not tilted. The water depth should be below the dynamic water level. Submersible electric pumps must not transport water or mud with a high sand content. The actual head of the submersible electric pump should be used within 0.8 to 1.1 times the rated head, and the power supply voltage should be controlled within the range of ±5% of the rated voltage. The wiring of the submersible pump motor must be connected firmly to prevent the motor from burning out due to phase loss. The cable must be checked regularly for cracks, scratches, etc. If there are any, replace or repair them in time. After the submersible electric pump has been in operation for half a year, it should be repaired and inspected, and damaged parts should be replaced.

(3) Maintenance and management measures for motors

① Motors stored for a long time should be kept dry and clean;

② For motors that are frequently in operation, safety inspections should be carried out once a month in accordance with the requirements that the junction box cover is intact, the wire screws are not loose or burned, and the grounding is good;

③ After the irrigation season, the motor should be inspected and repaired. Motors with insulation resistance values less than 0.5 ΜΩ should be dried and retested before the start of the next irrigation season.

2. Single-well IC card intelligent metering control equipment

At present, there are two main problems in the use of agricultural wells: First, the well water is collected in a post-payment mode, and the collection is not timely, and the collection is short or missing, which affects the normal operation and maintenance of the well; second, there is no metering facility for agricultural well water, and it is used free of charge. Farmers have a weak awareness of water conservation and waste irrigation water. Therefore, an IC card intelligent metering controller is added to the head hub of the efficient water-saving irrigation system.

(1) Single well IC card water volume monitoring is mainly used for water volume metering, electricity metering, remote control of water pump start and stop; remote setting of water pump extraction quota, automatic pump stop when the quota is reached; water pump failure alarm; user prepayment of electricity fees, preset water resource management, water fee collection, etc. The control equipment includes IC card intelligent controller, user card, GPRS wireless module and electric meter. Real-time monitoring of irrigation water consumption, electricity consumption and water use time is achieved. The main equipment is IC card intelligent controller, which is also called IC card prepayment controller, IC card machine well intelligent control system, etc. There are many types. Its essence is to use IC card as a water information transmission medium to control the irrigation water intake of machine wells.

(2) During installation and use, a machine well metering IC card charging control box is installed next to each machine well, and an IC card dedicated recharge instrument (management machine) is configured in each village (or each recharge point) to be responsible for recharging the IC cards of farmers in the area. After installation, each farmer will be issued an IC card. Before watering the land, the farmer must first take the IC card to a recharge point to recharge, then swipe the card to water the land. After watering is completed, the water pump can be turned off by swiping the card again. The amount of electricity (water) used during the watering process will be automatically deducted from the farmer's card. When the electricity (water) in the card is used up, the pump will automatically stop. One control box can be used by multiple farmers (in turn).

(3) The management and use of IC card well controllers should not add too much burden to farmers. Therefore, from the current application situation, it is more appropriate to manage them on a "village" basis, with one card for each household. Large villages can be divided into two or three management areas, which can achieve centralized management without forcing farmers to travel too far to buy water. The water management unit determines the total water use index based on the drought year forecast, planting plan, and task indicators, and the village committee (water user management association) allocates irrigation water use indicators based on the farmers' crops, irrigation quotas, and irrigated acres. Full-time administrators will issue cards, sell water, count and report to farmers according to the plan. They will also be responsible for the inspection, maintenance and management of each well, strengthen the maintenance of equipment, prevent theft and damage, and ensure the integrity and normal operation of equipment. A sound water use and management system will be formulated, and there will be a surcharge for exceeding the water use quota, and an incentive policy for water-saving rewards. Any acts of water theft and damage must be dealt with seriously and promptly.